Fabric can be made from interlacement, interlooping , intertwining or bonding of two , one or multiple threads or fibers with specified dimensional stability that can be transformed to apparel or Garments. we are gonna discussing about GSM as wall.
There are three major methods of mechanically manipulating yarn into fabrics
1. Interlacement or Interwevaing
2. Interlooping
3. Intertwining
Interlacement or Interwevaing :-
Two distinct sets of yarns one is called warp yarn and another is called weft yarn are interlaced with each other and produced fabric by loom which is called woven fabric. The lengthwise yarns are called warp and The crosswise yarns are called weft. Weft yarns are also known as filling yarns or threads
Interlooping :-
Interlooping consists of forming yarn (one set yarn such as warp or weft) into loops, each of which is only released after a succeeding loop has been formed and intermeshed with it so that a secure ground loop structure is achieved . knit fabric is produced by Interlooping
Intertwining :-
Intertwining and twisting includes a number of methods such as braiding and knotting where yarns are caused to intertwine with each other at right angles or some other angle
Nonwoven
The planner substance which can be made from bonding fibers with specific dimensional stability that can be transformed to apparel
Some terms that you have to know
Winding:
To produce suitable package from spinners package such as cone, cop, pirn cheese etc. is called Winding
Warping:
To produce warper beam from suitable package such as cone, cop, pirn cheese etc. is called Warping
Sizing:
The process of applying a protective coating upon the yarn surface so that the yarn will suffer the least damage in weaving
Pinning:
The process of passing the warp yarn through the drop wire/ dropper is called pinning.
Drawing:
The process of passing the warp yarn through the heald eye of heald Frame is called Drawing .
Drafting:
The process of passing the warp yarn through the heald eye of heald Frame for a specific fabric such as twill , plain is called Drafting .
Denting:
The process of passing the warp yarn through the dent of reed is called Denting .
Tying-in/ Knotting:
The tail end of the warp from the exhausted warp beam is tied or knotted to the beginning of the new warp is called Tying-in
Soft Winding:
By reducing hardness, the package has to be made suitable for dyeing. It is called soft winding.
Hard Winding:
During winding process a hard package is made from the soft package. Then it is converted to a cone form. It is called hard winding.
Backward Linkage:
The relation of grey fabric with yarn, fiber and polymer is known as backward linkage.
Forward Linkage:
The relation of grey fabric with finished fabric and apparel is known as forward linkage
What is GSM ?
It is the metric measurement of the weight of a fabric. The Elaborate form of GSM is grams per square meter. it is also known as (gm/m2). Some clothing items are still marked in Imperial weights OZ or oz/yd2. OZ or oz/yd2 means ounces per yard squared
We can measure GSM by using following steps without GSM Cutter :
· Cut 5 pieces of fabric. (The length and the width of all fabric pieces should be like 12 cm)
· Measure the weight of all fabric pieces. (suppose 1.8gm, 2gm, 1.85gm, 1.90gm, 1.95gm)
· Then calculate average weight such as
(1.8+2+1.85+1.90+1.95)/5 =1.95 gm
· Calculate the fabric sample area
Length * width = 12 * 12 = 144 cm2
Now apply this formula
GSM = (Weight of the samplein Gram*10000)/Area of Sample in cm2
= ( 1.9*10000)/144
= 131.94
Comments :
Fabric weight depends on GSM .
Relation between GSM & OZ :
5.5oz x 33.906 = 186.48gsm
185gsm / 33.906 = 5.45oz
This is very important to understand the variations of fabric weight
